special ceramics in automobile application and development

At present, the application of special ceramic materials in automobile has made important progress. They mainly have the following aspects.
1、 Application of ceramic automobile engine
New ceramic silicon carbide, silicon nitride and other inorganic non-metallic sintering. Compared with the previous use of alumina ceramics, the strength is more than three times, and it can withstand the high temperature of more than 1000 ℃. The new materials promote the development of new applications in automobiles. For example, in order to reduce the fuel consumption of diesel engine by more than 30%, it can be said that new ceramics are indispensable materials. At present, about 78% of the combustion energy and 33% of the diesel engine’s thermal efficiency are lost. Compared with the gasoline engine, it is very superior. However, more than 60% of the thermal energy is lost. Therefore, in order to reduce this part of loss, ceramic materials with good thermal performance are used to surround the combustion chamber for □ heating, and then exhaust gas energy is recovered by the power turbine of exhaust gas turbocharger. It has been proved by experiments that the thermal efficiency can be increased to 48%. At the same time, due to the use of new ceramics, it is possible for diesel engine to start quickly in an instant. Using new ceramic turbocharger, it has better heat resistance than superalloy, but its proportion is only about one third of that of metal turbine. Therefore, the new ceramic turbine can compensate the low dynamic response of metal turbine. Other research is under way: the use of new ceramic piston pin piston ring and other moving parts. The efficiency of the engine is expected to be improved due to the reduced weight.

2、 Application of special sensitive ceramic automobile sensor
It is required that the sensors for automobile can be used in the special harsh environment (high temperature, low temperature, vibration, acceleration, humidity, etc.) for a long time. Sound, waste gas), and should have small light weight, good reusability, wide output range and other characteristics. In recent years, with the development of manufacturing technology, ceramic has been fully utilized for its heat-resistant, corrosion-resistant, wear-resistant and potential excellent electromagnetic and optical functions.

3、 Application of ceramic automobile brake
Ceramic brake is made from carbon fiber brake. A carbon fiber brake disc is initially composed of carbon fiber resin, which is pressed and formed by a machine, and then made into a ceramic brake through several processes such as heating, carbonization, heating, cooling, etc. the surface hardness of the carbon silicon compound of the ceramic brake is close to diamond, and the carbon fiber structure inside the disc makes it strong, impact resistant, corrosion-resistant, and extremely wear-resistant. At present, in addition to F1 racing applications, super civil sports cars are also involved, such as Mercedes Benz cl55amg

4、 Application of ceramic automobile shock absorber
The intelligent shock absorber is developed for the shock absorber of high-end car by using the piezoelectric effect of sensitive ceramics and the electrostrictive effect of converse piezoelectric effect. Due to the use of high-sensitivity ceramic components, this kind of shock absorber has the function of identifying the road surface and self-regulation, which can reduce the vibration caused by the rough road surface to the minimum.

5、 Application of ceramic material in automobile spraying technology
In recent years, aerospace technology has been widely used in ceramic film spraying technology began to be used in automobiles. This technology has the advantages of good thermal effect, high temperature and pressure resistance, mature technology and stable quality. In order to achieve the goal of low heat dissipation, ceramic spraying can be applied to the combustion chamber components of the engine, such as zirconia spraying on the piston top and zirconia spraying on the cylinder liner. After this treatment, the engine can reduce the heat loss, the mass of the engine, the size of the engine and the fuel consumption.

6、 Automotive application of intelligent ceramic materials
As a special ceramic product classification intelligent ceramic materials, including automotive manufacturing materials which are sensitive to the environment and can respond to environmental changes, have become the focus of material science and engineering research.
Intelligent ceramic products are used in automobiles, including functional materials, drive systems and feedback systems.
Because of its comprehensive function, it can make the automobile products sense and respond to the changes of the external environment when driving, and make the automobile products have many performances such as self inspection, self-test, self diagnosis, self repair, self adaptation, etc. At present, some functional ceramic products have intelligent functions, such as semiconductor barium titanate positive temperature coefficient thermal resistance and zinc oxide varistor. They have their own diagnosis, alternate protection and self repair functions for temperature and voltage, which can make the material itself have the ability to resist sudden changes in the environment, and can be used repeatedly. Intelligent ceramic system, the most important category of piezoelectric ceramics. Now it has been widely used and is planning to develop piezoelectric intelligent ceramic products and materials system as follows:
Automobile shock absorber: the intelligent shock absorber is developed by using the positive piezoelectric effect and reverse piezoelectric effect of intelligent ceramic products. It has the function of identifying the road surface and self regulating. It can reduce the vibration caused by the rough road to the minimum. The whole sensing and adjusting process only takes 20 seconds. In addition, the shock absorption device made of intelligent ceramic materials can also be applied to other fields besides automobile products, such as precision machining and stable working platform.
Automobile intelligent wiper: the intelligent ceramic wiper made of barium titanate ceramic piezoresistive effect can automatically sense the rainfall and adjust the wiper to the best speed.
Automobile active noise elimination ceramic material: it is composed of piezoelectric ceramic pickups, resonators and analog acoustic coil digital signal processing integrated circuit, which can reduce the vibration frequency of automobile to below 500 Hz.
In addition, intelligent safety system and intelligent transmission system, such as air bag, can also be developed by using intelligent ceramic materials. The development, research and market of modern intelligent ceramic materials are in the ascendant. At the same time, its application has not only been limited to the automobile industry, but also has an important impact on shipbuilding, construction, machinery, home appliances, aerospace, national defense and other industrial fields, which will greatly improve the level of intelligence and automation of various mechanical and electrical products.