Heat Treatment of Tools and Dies

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In mold manufacturing, mold material is the basis of its progress, and molds include plastic mold steel, hot work mold steel and cold work mold steel.

1. Commonly Used Mold Materials

(1) High-speed steel

Due to its higher toughness and thermoplasticity, molybdenum-based high-speed steel can be used more widely, which is very important for precision and mass production of cold work dies.

(2) Carbon tool steel

Carbon tool steel has been widely used and produced in my country. Carbon tool steel has the advantages of low price, good machinability, easy softening during annealing, and good forgeability. Therefore, carbon Qiong tool steel is easy to break or deform. Combining the advantages and disadvantages of carbon tool steel, it is also concluded that it is not suitable for large molds. When making molds, it can be used as a mold with low deformation requirements, simple shape and small strength to make small size molds. So as to promote the improvement of resource utilization.

(3) Super hard high speed steel

In order to meet the needs of difficult-to-cut materials, super-hard high-speed steel has gradually developed, and its purpose is to further improve the hot hardness and hardness. In the process of its development, some problems have gradually emerged. Super-hard high-speed steel has poor bending resistance and toughness, and it is difficult to process. The high carbon content of super hard high-speed steel makes it have greater hardness, but its high carbon content also makes it prone to poor toughness and overburning.

(4) High carbon and high chromium die steel

The advantages of high carbon and high chromium die steel are that its wear resistance, hardenability and hardenability are good, and it is not easy to deform. Its disadvantage lies in its serious carbide segregation, so it needs to be continuously forged and upsetting, and its non-uniformity
Make changes to improve its usability.

(5) Base steel

The base steel is to add less other components to the basic components of high-speed steel, appropriately increase or decrease the carbon content, and improve the performance of the steel. This steel is the base steel. The base steel is cold work die steel with strong toughness and all the advantages of the above steels. In addition, compared with high-speed steel, the production cost of matrix steel is lower, and it has high application value.

(6) Steel structure hardness alloy and cemented carbide

Compared with other die steels, cemented carbide has higher wear resistance and hardness, so it has poor toughness and flexural strength. Steel-bonded cemented carbide is made of tungsten carbide or titanium carbide as a hard phase, a small amount of alloying element powder is added to iron powder as a binder, and the powder is sintered according to metallurgical methods. Steel is the matrix of steel-bonded cemented carbide, which can be heat treated, forged, welded and cut.

2. Vacuum Heat Treatment

After vacuum heat treatment, the deformation of the die steel is small and the surface state is better. The reason is that during vacuum heating, the surface of the die steel will be in an active state, no oxide film will be produced to prevent it from cooling, and no decarburization will occur. After vacuum heating, the degassing effect will appear on the surface of the steel, so it has high mechanical properties, high flexural strength and vacuum degree in the furnace. After vacuum quenching, the fracture toughness of the steel will be improved to a certain extent. Compared with the conventional process, the die life will be increased by more than 40%. In actual production, the cooling die vacuum quenching technology has been widely used.

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