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Heat Treatment Forging and Annealing of High Speed Steel

1. Forging

Due to the high carbon content of steel and a large amount of alloying elements, the as-cast billet structure has fish bone carbides. It can only be broken by forging and evenly distributed.

2. Annealing

After high-speed steel is forged and rolled, the steel needs to be annealed. Eliminate internal stress, reduce hardness, facilitate cutting, and prepare for quenching. General annealing or isothermal annealing can be used.

The Ac1 of high-speed steel is in the range of 820-860 °C, so the annealing temperature is 870-880 °C, and the heat preservation is 2–3h; most of the alloy carbides are not dissolved into austenite, and the content of alloying elements in austenite is not high during annealing. It is easy to transform into granular pearlite and residual carbide when cooled. Generally, the cooling rate is less than or equal to 30°C/h, and it is cooled to 600°C for air cooling. After annealing, the carbide volume percentage in W18Cr4V steel is about 30%, of which M6C is 16-19%, M23C6 is 9%, and MC is 1.5%–2%. Organized as S+K.