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Vacuum sintering system for ceramics

Sintering refers to the densification process in which the formed body is gradually transformed into a sintered body with a certain geometric shape and a solid sintered body under the action of high temperature through mutual bonding and material transfer between particles, pores are eliminated, volume shrinks, and strength is increased.

Main factors affecting ceramic vacuum sintering
(1) Powder particle size
The excellent particle size of the powder is the prerequisite for ceramic sintering. Reducing the particle size of the powder is conducive to promoting sintering. Nano-powder is more beneficial to sintering. This is because the particle size of nano-powder is small, the surface energy is high, and the activity of the powder is Well, when using nanopowders for ceramic sintering, lower sintering temperatures can produce ceramic materials with low porosity and high densification.

(2) Vacuum sintering temperature and sintering time
Vacuum sintering temperature and sintering time are the most important factors affecting ceramic sintering. They largely determine the size and distribution of crystal grains in ceramics. By controlling the size and distribution of crystal grains, the porosity and density inside the ceramic can be controlled.

(3) Vacuum sintering atmosphere
The atmosphere during the vacuum sintering process can affect the number of pores inside the ceramic, thereby affecting the densification degree of the ceramic. For some materials, when the sintering process is carried out in air, the presence of oxygen will cause defects within the crystal and increase the porosity, resulting in a decrease in the densification of the ceramic material. Sintering in a vacuum atmosphere is more conducive to the discharge of pores inside the ceramic and the diffusion and sintering processes.

(4) Vacuum sintering pressure
Pressure has a great influence on the discharge of pores during the vacuum sintering process. Usually, the ceramic body contains air, which is leftover during the molding process. The environment of vacuum sintering or reduced pressure sintering can create a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the ceramic, promoting the The discharge of internal air reduces the porosity of ceramics and increases the densification of ceramics.

(5)Additives
Sintering aids act as fluxes in the sintering process of transparent ceramics. The melting point of sintering aids is low, which will cause distortion of the crystal lattice, increase the activation energy of the ceramics, facilitate diffusion and sintering, and improve the densification of the ceramics.