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Powder metallurgy sintering process

Powder metallurgy sintering technology has a series of advantages such as significant energy saving, material saving, excellent performance, high product precision and good stability, and is very suitable for mass production.
At present, powder metallurgy sintering technology has been widely used in fields such as transportation, machinery, electronics, aerospace, weapons, biology, new energy, medical care, information and nuclear industries, and has become one of the most dynamic branches of new material science.

Powder metallurgy sintering technology includes a series of production technologies that usually involve the following steps:
1. Powder production Almost all iron powders used in the production of PM structural parts are produced using the sponge iron process or water atomization process. Other non-ferrous metal powders can be produced through a variety of methods.

2. Powder mixing usually introduces alloy additives in the form of elemental powders or adds pressurized lubricants.
3. Forming mixed powders into compacts The main consolidation process involves pressing into a rigid tool box, which includes a mold, a punch, and possibly a mandrel or mandrel. However, there are several other merging processes used in market segmentation applications.
4. Sinter the billet to enhance integrity and strength. This processing step involves heating the material to a temperature below the melting point of the major components, usually in a protective atmosphere. In some cases, the secondary components form a liquid phase at the sintering temperature; this situation is called liquid phase sintering.
5. Post-processing Under normal circumstances, the sintered parts can achieve the required performance and can be used directly, but sometimes necessary post-processing is required. For example, precision pressing treatment can improve the density and dimensional shape accuracy of the parts; quenching, surface quenching and other treatments on iron-based powder metallurgy parts can improve their mechanical properties.

Advantages of powder metallurgy sintering
1. Supports the processing of special materials. Refractory metals and compounds, false alloys and porous materials can all be processed by powder metallurgy.
2. Save raw materials and reduce production costs. Because powder metallurgy can be directly pressed into the final size blank at one time, there is basically no need to process it again. The metal loss in the entire production is only 1%, while the metal loss produced by ordinary processing methods is 80%.
3. High product purity. During the powder metallurgy process, the material does not melt, does not mix with impurities from other substances, and is sintered in a vacuum and reducing atmosphere. It is not afraid of being oxidized or contaminating the material, so the product purity is higher than that of traditional processing techniques.
4. Uniform distribution of materials The powder metallurgy method can ensure the accuracy and uniformity of raw materials during the batching process.

5. Large-scale production, reducing production costs. The powder metallurgy method is suitable for processing various products with uniform shapes, such as gears. Due to one-time molding, production costs are greatly reduced.

Disadvantages of powder metallurgy sintering:
1. The strength and toughness of powder metallurgy products is poor. After the powder is compressed, its internal pores cannot be completely eliminated. Therefore, the strength and toughness of powder metallurgy products are not as high as those of cast and forged parts.
2. Powder metallurgy cannot produce large products. The fluidity of metal powder is not as good as molten metal, so there are certain restrictions on shape and size. The weight does not exceed 10 kilograms.
3. Mold manufacturing costs are high and can only be used for mass production.