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Characteristics of vacuum carburizing technology

In the early stages of research and development of vacuum carburizing technology, it was not put into practical use due to carbon deposition problems. However, in 1997, a new technology of acetylene vacuum carburizing was developed to solve the problem of carbon deposition. Moreover, compared with conventional vacuum carburizing, its excellent carburizing quality and reproducibility have been recognized, and it is suitable for mass-produced parts in various fields, especially in the field of automotive parts. Vacuum carburizing also meets the requirements of green low-carbon heat treatment because of its small consumption of acetylene and no CO2 emissions. At the same time, vacuum carburizing also has the following characteristics:
1. Fast penetration
Vacuum carburizing starts carburizing after the entire heat treatment product reaches the carburizing temperature. It reaches the saturated carbon concentration (A3-Acm) in a short time, which can achieve high-concentration carburizing. At the same time, high-temperature carburizing can also be achieved by utilizing the characteristics of vacuum equipment. In order to obtain high efficiency carburizing and quenching heat treatment.
2. Good uniformity of penetration layer
Vacuum carburizing is non-atmosphere flow carburizing under low pressure. The carburizing layer has good uniformity, especially for porous parts. The following is a specific case: the processing surface area of the part is 18.3ｍ2. Required carburized layer depth (HV550): 1.1~1.4mm. After vacuum carburizing and quenching, the carburized layer depth deviation at the center of the designated hole (about φ4ｍｍ) is (Max1.251mm, Min1.136mm) 0.115mm, and the upper and lower deviation is small. .

3. High-temperature carburizing of stainless steel is possible.
When heated above 1000°C in a vacuum atmosphere, the oxide film on the surface of stainless steel can be removed to achieve carburization of stainless steel. The following is an application case of high-temperature carburizing of stainless steel (SUS304). The required surface hardness is HV685, the fully penetrated layer is 0.6mm, and there is no grain boundary oxidation.

4. Additional carbonitriding treatment in high-concentration carburizing
Vacuum carburizing can carry out high-temperature carburizing above 1000°C. The surface carbon concentration reaches the Acm point within a few minutes, making it easier to carry out high-concentration carburizing treatment in a short time. In actual cases, the Acm point exceeds 1.7%. Generally, spheroidization treatment is added to the high-concentration carburizing treatment, and carbonitriding carburizing treatment can also be added. There is also further spheroidization treatment, and the surface hardness reaches Hv1000 by adding nitrogen.
in conclusion
Vacuum carburizing technology can meet the requirements for rapid and uniform carburizing treatment of complex-shaped parts, and at the same time has the characteristics of efficient, green, and low-carbon heat treatment.